On November 9, 1989, in an event that is being widely celebrated today, the Berlin Wall fell.
The wall, at first thin and low enough to hop over, later formidable, had gone up in the dark of an August night 28 years earlier. It was ostensibly built to protect the people of East Berlin from an invasion launched from West Berlin—which, of course, was an island, surrounded by East Germany and the populous armies of that nation and the Soviet Union. For all its guard towers, electronic sensors, and machine-gun emplacements, the wall was not entirely successful. Indeed, over the 28 years of its life, some 5,000 people managed to scramble over it, tunnel under it, or make their way through its checkpoints.
Some of the credit for the fall of the Berlin Wall goes to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who earlier in 1989 had announced to the leaders of the Warsaw Pact that Russian troops would not intervene in domestic matters. Some—but much less than his admirers have insisted on—goes to Ronald Reagan, who stopped joking about dropping bombs long enough to engage in serious discussions with Gorbachev about ending the Cold War. Some goes to George Bush the elder. Much goes to the nonviolent resistance and counterculture behind the Iron Curtain, exemplified by artists such as Wolf Biermann and Plastic People of the Universe. None goes to the British disaster Margaret Thatcher, who opposed German reunification.
But the real credit for the fall of the Berlin Wall goes to the people of Eastern Europe, who finally, 20 years ago, declared that enough is enough, and took that crucial step toward liberty. That journey continues, the world over.
In commemoration of the event, Open Letter has released a fine anthology called The Wall in My Head, with contributions from writers and artists from many Eastern European countries; among them are the Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuscinski, the Czech novelist Milan Kundera, the German poet Durs Grünbein, and the Russian lycanthropologist Victor Pelevin. The Australian writer Anna Funder’s book Stasiland, about life under the police state ironically called the German Democratic Republic, is timely, as is Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck’s resounding film The Lives of Others—and, for that matter, as is Martin Ritt’s now-classic The Spy Who Came in from the Cold.
To those who tore down the hated Berlin Wall 20 years ago, we offer our thanks and congratulations.
The wall, at first thin and low enough to hop over, later formidable, had gone up in the dark of an August night 28 years earlier. It was ostensibly built to protect the people of East Berlin from an invasion launched from West Berlin—which, of course, was an island, surrounded by East Germany and the populous armies of that nation and the Soviet Union. For all its guard towers, electronic sensors, and machine-gun emplacements, the wall was not entirely successful. Indeed, over the 28 years of its life, some 5,000 people managed to scramble over it, tunnel under it, or make their way through its checkpoints.
Some of the credit for the fall of the Berlin Wall goes to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who earlier in 1989 had announced to the leaders of the Warsaw Pact that Russian troops would not intervene in domestic matters. Some—but much less than his admirers have insisted on—goes to Ronald Reagan, who stopped joking about dropping bombs long enough to engage in serious discussions with Gorbachev about ending the Cold War. Some goes to George Bush the elder. Much goes to the nonviolent resistance and counterculture behind the Iron Curtain, exemplified by artists such as Wolf Biermann and Plastic People of the Universe. None goes to the British disaster Margaret Thatcher, who opposed German reunification.
But the real credit for the fall of the Berlin Wall goes to the people of Eastern Europe, who finally, 20 years ago, declared that enough is enough, and took that crucial step toward liberty. That journey continues, the world over.
In commemoration of the event, Open Letter has released a fine anthology called The Wall in My Head, with contributions from writers and artists from many Eastern European countries; among them are the Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuscinski, the Czech novelist Milan Kundera, the German poet Durs Grünbein, and the Russian lycanthropologist Victor Pelevin. The Australian writer Anna Funder’s book Stasiland, about life under the police state ironically called the German Democratic Republic, is timely, as is Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck’s resounding film The Lives of Others—and, for that matter, as is Martin Ritt’s now-classic The Spy Who Came in from the Cold.
To those who tore down the hated Berlin Wall 20 years ago, we offer our thanks and congratulations.
source: http://www.britannica.com/